{"id":8609,"date":"2024-07-27T13:26:10","date_gmt":"2024-07-27T11:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/?p=8609"},"modified":"2024-07-27T13:24:21","modified_gmt":"2024-07-27T11:24:21","slug":"ce-este-faza-si-zero-in-electricitate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/noutati\/ce-este-faza-si-zero-in-electricitate\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este faza \u0219i zero \u00een electricitate"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Foarte pu\u021bini oameni\u00a0\u00een\u021beleg esen\u021ba electricit\u0103\u021bii. Concepte precum \u201ecurent electric\u201d, \u201etensiune\u201d, \u201efaz\u0103\u201d \u0219i \u201ezero\u201d sunt o p\u0103dure \u00eentunecat\u0103 pentru majoritatea, de\u0219i le \u00eent\u00e2lnim \u00een fiecare zi. S\u0103 ob\u021binem un s\u00e2mbure de cuno\u0219tin\u021be utile \u0219i s\u0103 ne d\u0103m seama ce faz\u0103 \u0219i zero sunt \u00een electricitate. Pentru a preda electricitatea de la zero, trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem conceptele fundamentale. Ne intereseaz\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd curentul electric \u0219i sarcina electric\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1\">Curentul electric \u0219i sarcina electric\u0103<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Sarcina electric\u0103<\/strong> este o m\u0103rime scalar\u0103 fizic\u0103 care determin\u0103 capacitatea corpurilor de a fi o surs\u0103 de c\u00e2mpuri electromagnetice. Purt\u0103torul celei mai mici sarcini electrice sau elementare este electronul. Sarcina sa este de aproximativ -1,6 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 la minus a nou\u0103sprezecea putere a lui Coulomb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>NOT\u0102<\/strong><br \/>\nSarcinile sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een mod conven\u021bional \u00een pozitive \u0219i negative. De exemplu, dac\u0103 frec\u0103m un be\u021bi\u0219or de ebonit\u0103 pe l\u00e2n\u0103, acesta va dob\u00e2ndi o sarcin\u0103 electric\u0103 negativ\u0103 (excesul de electroni care au fost captura\u021bi de atomii bastonului la contactul cu l\u00e2na).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Electricitatea static\u0103 pe p\u0103r are aceea\u0219i natur\u0103, doar c\u0103 \u00een acest caz sarcina este pozitiv\u0103 (p\u0103rul pierde electroni).<\/p>\n<p>Apropo, pute\u021bi citi mai multe despre ce curent, tensiune \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103 sunt \u00een articolul nostru separat despre legea lui Ohm.<\/p>\n<figure><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8599\" src=\"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/436498-1024x705-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/436498-1024x705-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/436498-1024x705-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/436498-1024x705-1-380x380.jpg 380w, https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/436498-1024x705-1-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Curentul electric este mi\u0219carea direc\u021bionat\u0103 a particulelor \u00eenc\u0103rcate (purt\u0103tori de sarcin\u0103) de-a lungul unui conductor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chiar mi\u0219carea particulelor \u00eenc\u0103rcate are loc sub influen\u021ba unui c\u00e2mp electromagnetic &#8211; unul dintre c\u00e2mpurile fizice fundamentale.<\/p>\n<p>Curentul electric poate fi <strong>continuu<\/strong> sau <strong>alternativ<\/strong>. Cu curent constant, direc\u021bia \u0219i magnitudinea curentului nu se schimb\u0103. Curentul alternativ este un curent care se modific\u0103 \u00een timp.<\/p>\n<p>Sursa DC este, de exemplu, o baterie. Dar curentul alternativ este folosit \u00een prizele de uz casnic care se afl\u0103 \u00een casele noastre. Motivul este c\u0103 curen\u021bii alternativi sunt mult mai u\u0219or de recep\u021bionat \u0219i transmis pe distan\u021be lungi.<\/p>\n<p>Principalul tip de curent alternativ este <strong>curentul sinusoidal<\/strong>. Acesta este un curent care mai \u00eent\u00e2i cre\u0219te \u00eentr-o direc\u021bie, atinge un maxim (amplitudine), \u00eencepe s\u0103 scad\u0103, la un moment dat devine egal cu zero \u0219i cre\u0219te din nou, dar \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 direc\u021bie.<\/p>\n<figure><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8601\" src=\"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5-1024x640-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5-1024x640-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5-1024x640-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5-1024x640-1-380x380.jpg 380w, https:\/\/sunmax.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5-1024x640-1-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Despre misterioasa faz\u0103 \u0219i zero<\/h2>\n<p>Cu to\u021bii am auzit despre o faz\u0103, trei faze, zero \u0219i \u00eemp\u0103m\u00e2ntare.<\/p>\n<p>Cel mai simplu caz al unui circuit electric este un <strong>circuit monofazat<\/strong>. Are doar trei fire. Printr-unul dintre fire curge curentul c\u0103tre consumator (fie c\u0103lcat sau usc\u0103tor de p\u0103r), iar prin cel\u0103lalt se \u00eentoarce \u00eenapoi. Al treilea fir dintr-o re\u021bea monofazat\u0103 este \u00eemp\u0103m\u00e2ntarea (sau \u00eemp\u0103m\u00e2ntarea).<\/p>\n<p>Firul de \u00eemp\u0103m\u00e2ntare nu poart\u0103 o sarcin\u0103, dar serve\u0219te drept siguran\u021b\u0103. \u00cen cazul \u00een care ceva sc\u0103pa de sub control, \u00eemp\u0103m\u00e2ntarea ajut\u0103 la prevenirea \u0219ocului electric. Acest fir transport\u0103 excesul de electricitate sau \u201ese scurge\u201d \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Firul prin care trece curentul c\u0103tre dispozitiv se nume\u0219te <strong>faz\u0103<\/strong>, iar firul prin care revine curentul se nume\u0219te <strong>zero<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Deci, de ce avem nevoie de zero energie electric\u0103? Da, pentru acela\u0219i lucru cu faza! Curentul trece prin firul de faz\u0103 c\u0103tre consumator, iar prin firul neutru este desc\u0103rcat \u00een sens opus. Re\u021beaua prin care este distribuit curentul alternativ este trifazat\u0103. Este format din fire cu trei faze \u0219i un retur.<\/p>\n<p>Prin aceast\u0103 re\u021bea curge curentul c\u0103tre apartamentele noastre. Apropiindu-se direct de consumator (apartamente), curentul este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een faze, iar fiec\u0103rei faz\u0103 i se atribuie un zero. Frecven\u021ba schimb\u0103rii direc\u021biei curentului \u00een \u021b\u0103rile CSI este de 50 Hz.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>NOTA<\/p>\n<p>Diferite \u021b\u0103ri au standarde diferite de tensiune \u0219i frecven\u021b\u0103 de re\u021bea. De exemplu, o priz\u0103 tipic\u0103 de uz casnic din Statele Unite furnizeaz\u0103 curent alternativ cu o tensiune de 100-127 vol\u021bi \u0219i o frecven\u021b\u0103 de 60 her\u021bi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Firele de faz\u0103 \u0219i neutru nu trebuie confundate. \u00cen caz contrar, pute\u021bi provoca un scurtcircuit \u00een circuit. Pentru a preveni acest lucru \u0219i pentru a nu \u00eencurca ceva, firele au c\u0103p\u0103tat culori diferite.<\/p>\n<p>Ce culoare sunt faza \u0219i zero indicate \u00een electricitate? Zero este de obicei albastru sau cyan, iar faza este alb\u0103, neagr\u0103 sau maro. Firul de \u00eemp\u0103m\u00e2ntare are \u0219i propria sa culoare &#8211; galben-verde.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zaochnik.ru\/blog\/2017\/02\/electricity-3d-bulb-1600x900-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption>\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A\u0219adar, ast\u0103zi am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 conceptele de \u201efaz\u0103\u201d \u0219i \u201ezero\u201d \u00een electricitate. Vom fi pur \u0219i simplu ferici\u021bi dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 informa\u021bie ar fi nou\u0103 \u0219i interesant\u0103 pentru cineva. Acum, c\u00e2nd auzi ceva despre electricitate, faz\u0103, zero \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2nt, vei \u0219ti deja despre ce vorbim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Foarte pu\u021bini oameni\u00a0\u00een\u021beleg esen\u021ba electricit\u0103\u021bii. Concepte precum \u201ecurent electric\u201d, \u201etensiune\u201d, \u201efaz\u0103\u201d \u0219i \u201ezero\u201d sunt o p\u0103dure \u00eentunecat\u0103 pentru majoritatea, de\u0219i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noutati"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8609"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8610,"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8609\/revisions\/8610"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sunmax.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}